Music production techniques are the methods and processes used to create recorded music. Here are some common techniques:

Pre-Production

1. Composition: Writing and arranging songs

2. Rehearsal: Practicing performances before recording.

3. Demoing: Creating rough recordings to test ideas.

Recording

1. Tracking: Recording individual instruments or vocals.

2. Layering: Building up multiple tracks to create depth.

3. Dubbing: Adding additional elements (e.g., harmonies) to existing tracks.

Effects

1. EQ (Equalization): Adjusting tone and frequency balance.

2. Compression: Controlling dynamic range and evenness.

3. Expansion / Limiting

4. Reverb: Adding ambiance and spatial effects.

5. Delay: Creating echoes and rhythmic interest.

6. Other Special Effects

Mixing

1. Balancing: Adjusting levels and panning to create a cohesive mix.

2. Panning: Placing sounds in the stereo field.

3. Depth: Creating a sense of distance and layering.

Mastering

1. Final EQ: Making last-minute tone adjustments.

2. Loudness normalization: Optimizing overall volume.

3. Limiting: Preventing distortion and clipping.

Additional Techniques

1. Sampling: Incorporating elements of existing recordings.

2. Synthesis: Creating sounds using electronic instruments.

3. Arrangement: Structuring songs with intro/verse/chorus/bridge/outro.

4. Automation: Programming changes in levels, panning, and effects over time.

These techniques can be applied in various music genres and styles, and the specific methods used can greatly impact the final sound and feel of a recording.